Today, with the booming development of pure electric buses, the battery thermal management system has become the key. It shoulders the important task of ensuring that the battery is in a suitable operating temperature range, which profoundly affects the vehicle’s cruising range, performance and safety.
The battery of a pure electric bus will generate heat during the charging and discharging process. If the heat cannot be effectively controlled, the battery may overheat in a high-temperature environment, which will accelerate battery aging, greatly shorten its service life, and in severe cases may cause thermal runaway, posing a direct threat to vehicle safety; in low-temperature environments, The battery activity will be significantly reduced, resulting in increased internal resistance, poor charging and discharging efficiency, and a sharp reduction in the vehicle’s cruising range.
Cooling type
The main task of the battery thermal management system is to accurately control the battery temperature. It uses a variety of methods to dissipate heat from the battery, such as air cooling, which uses fans to promote air flow to take away heat. This method has a simple structure and low cost, but has limited heat dissipation efficiency. It is often used in scenarios that do not have particularly stringent heat dissipation requirements; liquid cooling Cold heat dissipation uses coolant to circulate in the pipeline to transfer the heat generated by the battery. This method has high heat dissipation efficiency and good temperature uniformity. It is a commonly used and efficient heat dissipation method. Phase change material heat dissipation uses phase change. The material absorbs or releases heat during the phase change process to maintain battery temperature stability, but its application is still in the exploration and development stage.
Operating mechanism
In low-temperature environments, the battery thermal management system will activate the heating function to increase the battery temperature to ensure that the battery can be charged and discharged normally. Commonly used heating methods include PTC heating and liquid heat heating. PTC heating utilizes the characteristics of PTC thermistor, which automatically heats up after power is turned on. It has the characteristics of fast heating speed and high safety; liquid heating heats by heating the coolant, and then the coolant transfers the heat to the battery. This method of heating The uniformity is better.
Snewang Five-in-one integrated thermal management
Intelligent temperature control system
In order to achieve more precise temperature control, the battery thermal management system is equipped with a complete temperature monitoring and control strategy. Temperature sensors are placed throughout the battery module to monitor battery temperature information in real time and transmit this data to the battery management system (BMS). BMS intelligently regulates heat dissipation or heating devices based on preset temperature thresholds and control algorithms. For example, when the battery temperature is detected to be too high, the BMS will increase the power of the heat dissipation device to accelerate heat dissipation; when the temperature is too low, the BMS will activate the heating device to increase the temperature.
In short, the battery thermal management system of pure electric buses is a complex and critical technology. It ensures that the battery is always in optimal working condition through efficient heat dissipation, heating and precise temperature control strategies, laying a solid foundation for the stable operation, long endurance and safe travel of pure electric buses. With the continuous development and innovation of technology, battery thermal management systems will surely play a more important role in promoting the progress of the pure electric bus industry and help the new energy vehicle industry move towards a more brilliant future.
