Compression of compressor
The bus air conditioning system operates based on the principle of refrigeration cycle, and achieves heat transfer through periodic changes in the state of refrigerant, thereby adjusting the temperature in the car. The core components include compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator, and each component works together to form a closed and continuous circulation loop.
As the power source of the refrigeration cycle, the compressor first compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant. In this process, the external input of electrical energy reduces the volume of the refrigerant, and the pressure and temperature rise sharply, and it is converted into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous state, creating conditions for subsequent heat release.
Heat exchange liquefaction of the condenser
The high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant then flows into the condenser. The condenser is mostly placed on the outside of the bus body. With the help of heat exchange with the outside air, the refrigerant dissipates heat to the surrounding environment, and its own temperature is reduced and gradually liquefied to form a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. This stage realizes the phase change from gas to liquid, which is a key step in the heat discharge system.
key regulation of the expansion valve
The liquid refrigerant then passes through the expansion valve. The throttling effect of the expansion valve causes the refrigerant pressure to drop sharply, and the boiling point decreases accordingly. The liquid refrigerant quickly partially vaporizes to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gas-liquid mixture, preparing to absorb heat in the evaporator.
Refrigeration cycle of the evaporator
Finally, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the evaporator. The evaporator is located inside the bus compartment, where the liquid refrigerant absorbs the heat of the air in the compartment and vaporizes in large quantities, turning back into a gaseous state. The air in the compartment drops in temperature due to the heat being taken away, and is then blown back into the compartment by the fan to achieve the purpose of cooling.
In this way, the refrigerant circulates back and forth between the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator, continuously transporting the heat in the compartment to the outside world, maintaining a comfortable temperature environment in the bus. Its operating principle reflects the effective application of thermodynamic principles in practical engineering.
